Was A Bad Grade Issued By Your Child's Teacher? Here's How You Appeal A Student's Grade In Califorina

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

Have you ever felt that a public school grade was wrong in a particular class or that your child was graded unfairly on his student work?  California law has a solution for you!

Per California Education Code section 49066, the teacher determines the final grade for a student.  However the grade can be challenged for:

- Clerical mistake
-  Fraud
-  Bad faith, or
-  Incompetency

If one of these can be shown, the Superintendent or Board of Education for the school can overturn a grade issued by a teacher.  The teacher, however, is "to the extent practicable" to be included in discussions regarding the grade, and to be allowed to state orally or in writing, the reasons the grade was issued.

I have seen many bad teachers in my time, unfortunately, who may issue grades improperly.  If a grade issues because the teacher was incompetent, is discriminatory, is based on whim or fancy, or another error exists,  it can be challenged.  With college scholarships and admission on the line, challenging a grade can be a wise thing to pursue if there is a basis.

If you disagree with your child's grade, don't sit on your rights: challenge it.  Your reward may be a correct grade and a higher grade point average (gpa) for your child.

Best,

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

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Five Steps To Take To Get Disability Accommodations In College

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

Once a student transitions from high school to college, their world changes.  If they were a special education student with an IEP (Individualized Education Program) in their high school, they will not be anymore.  They may try to muddle through college without supports, and eventually may fail or drop out if they do not obtain some form of reasonable accommodations for their disabilities in college. But, what steps do students need to take to obtain disability accommodations at their college?

STEP ONE:  The first thing which a student who suffers from a disabling condition must do is NOTIFY the college they have a disability, preferably in writing.  In the college catalog or handbook, there is likely listed a disabled student services or other office to contact, which is in charge of setting up reasonable accommodations for disabled students.  So, step number one is to contact that office to start the process.  If possible, this should be done even before starting classes, to ensure accommodations are in place when the student enters their first class.  However, even if classes have started, the student may still request accommodations for their disabilities.

STEP TWO:  Next, the college student must complete and return the forms which will likely be provided by the college disability office, and provide EVIDENCE (medical documentation) that the student suffers from a disability that impacts a "major life activity."

STEP THREE:  The student then needs to ensure that either they or the office they are working with, provides the information to each of the student's professors.  Professors can sometimes be resistant to student disability plans, so if the student finds the plan is not being implemented or they are being treated differently, they need to go back to the disability office to seek help with enforcement.

STEP FOUR:  Tweaking the plan in place periodically will be important as needs can change depending on the class or setting.  Students with disabilities are not entitled to as much as they may have been in high school, but reasonable accommodations cover a vast array of supports, such as extended time on tests, note takers, testing in a separate location, technological supports, and many other useful items.  Not all students are entitled to the same thing and what will be provided will depend on the individual student's needs.

STEP FIVE:  If the disabled student cannot get reasonable accommodations, for example their professors will not implement them, and/or the college is refusing to provide them what they need, the student can attempt to resolve the matter internally via the college's own discrimination complaint process.  If the student does not want to file internally or their internal complaint is not successful, the student may also want to review potentially filing a discrimination complaint outside the college.  For public colleges, complaints may be filed with the United States of Education, Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. For private colleges, students would want to review filing with the United States Department of Justice.  Time limits are in place for all filings so the student should submit complaints as soon as possible and should make themselves aware of all filing deadlines.

If you know a student in college who is having difficulties connected to their disabilities, please pass this on to them as lack and/or provision of reasonable accommodations can make the difference between the student completing or failing college.  With no college, their career choices may be more limited and their whole life may be altered for the worse for simple lack of reasonable accommodations in college.

Best,

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.

Transfers for Special Education Students Achieved- One Parent's Story About How The Law Office of Michelle Ball Helped

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

What if you cannot get a simple transfer for your special needs children, but believe they will not be appropriately placed otherwise?  My office was hired to assist one family who no matter what they did, could not get a transfer for their special needs children.  When my office became involved, we were able to gather enough information and communicate effectively, thereby persuading the district that the transfers should go through.

Here is what one of the parents involved had to say:

"I highly recommend Michelle Ball!  Michelle Ball is a fantastic education attorney. Our school district wanted to make a school placement within the district that was not in the best interest of our children (IEP, 504, and handicapped). The district was adamant that our request for transfer would not be allowed, seemingly in opposition to the law.  We felt existing law supported our requested placement based on the services available at the schools in the district. In the face of a unified negative response from all levels in the district, she [Michelle Ball] provided legal guidance and support that ultimately drove the district to change their position and grant our request.

While the whole experience was unnerving, we learned not to give in, and pushed for a placement that was in the best interests of our children. The district seemed to believe that time and cost were on their side and that we would eventually accept their decision. With Michelle’s counsel we were able to fight and drive the district to change their position to one that met our children’s needs rather than the needs of the district. The cost of fighting the decision, while not insignificant, pales in comparison to the long term results that the district’s placement would have had on the rest of our children’s lives, and by extension, ours. They now have a much better chance at a quality education and a successful life, as opposed to the prospect of a less successful education experience and the negative impact that would have on the rest of their lives.

Many thanks!
-RJJ"

Thank you RJJ!

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please note: This testimonial or endorsement does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or prediction regarding the outcome of a legal matter.

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.

Do Parents Have The Right To Not Medicate Their Children? One Woman's Story

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

Have you heard the story of Maryanne Godboldo?  This Detroit mother made a parental decision to remove her daughter from psychotropic medication to pursue non-drug alternatives after she observed negative side effects.  When she did, the local government authorities apparently did not agree with Maryanne Godboldo's medical decision, and thereafter stormed her home with police and a SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) team to take away her minor daughter, Ariana.  Maryanne's attempts to keep the police from taking away her daughter failed, but only after a ten hour stand-off at Maryanne's home in 2011.  Ariana was thereafter placed in a psychiatric facility for approximately one month.

Maryanne was criminally charged and incarcerated for 5 days.  The criminal charges were later dropped.  Thereafter, after months of fighting and many court appearances, Maryanne Godboldo finally had her parental rights restored.  Maryanne explains in the video below that "I did it because I wanted to save my child."  Eventually the order removing Ariana from her mother's care, based on her decision not to medicate Ariana, was overruled.

This story is heart-wrenching and horrifying.  The shock of it all is that this mother was arrested and separated from her thirteen-year-old daughter, allegedly all because she made a private medical decision.  The term "big brother" seems quite appropriate.

The video below is of Maryanne receiving an award from the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), a psychiatric watchdog group.  Check it out (and you may want to have some tissues nearby when you do).

This story should remind all parents that they need to be vigilant in protecting their children and their parental rights, as the government, which appears in the form of  your local school district or social services office (and many other forms), may not always be acting in the best interests of the parent or the child.  

Best, 

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.

Eight Things NOT To Do At A School Expulsion Hearing

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

As school expulsions are occurring at such an alarming rate to our children, it is important for parents to know what NOT to do when embroiled in an expulsion hearing.  

Here is what you should NOT do at a school expulsion hearing:

1)  Do not allow your child to testify.   Make the district prove their case, and don't do it for them.  One  exception could arise if your child has already fully confessed to having "done it" in writing.
2)  Do not forget to object to evidence.  If the school district attempts to admit evidence which should not be allowed into the hearing record (e.g. evidence from another student), object and ask for it to be removed.
3)  Do not get emotional at the hearing if you are the one making the arguments.  If you do not bring an attorney with you and are the one making the arguments to the expulsion panel or board,  you should not get emotional.  There is no crying or extreme emotion allowed when acting as the advocate for the child.  If a parent is testifying as a parent, emotion is fine, but not if your role shifts to the advocate making the case.
4)  Do not forget to prepare opening and closing statements and witness questions.  You must make an opening and closing statement, plus question any and all witnesses at the hearing.  However, in the heat of the moment, you may forget something, so do prepare an outline and list of anticipated questions for the hearing.
5)  Do not forget to submit documents.  Parents should submit a stack of character letters in support of their child along with any other evidence which can prove they did not do what they are accused of doing.  Gather and bring to the hearing all relevant documents and ample copies for all parties.
6)  Don't take it personally.  The school expulsion hearing may feel personal, but don't take it that way.  Act professionally at all times, or your credibility may be ruined.
7)  Don't forget the district will not "be nice" in the hearing.   Although everyone may be polite, this is war against your child.  Parents cannot go into an expulsion hearing believing it is a "light" process or procedure.  Expulsion hearings are very serious and have serious consequences.  Take them that way and you have a better chance of winning.
8)  Don't forget to bring witnesses to support your case.  Bring students or others with you to the hearing to support your case via live testimony.  If you can't get a hold of them, you need to request they be subpoenaed by the district.

These are some key items all parents going into an expulsion hearing should know.  Also, it is usually best to bring an attorney with you to the hearing, but the above should help if you are on your own.  

Best of luck in battling the lions when they come after your son or daughter.  I always tell my kids I will "slay any dragons" for them, and an expulsion is something you need to defeat, for like a dragon, a school expulsion could leave them scarred for life.

Best,

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.

California School Expulsion Case: John A. v. San Bernardino, An Oldie But Goodie From The California Supreme Court

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

Parents often need all the help they can get in handling school expulsion hearings. One of my favorite cases to attack expulsion hearings for an utter lack of proper evidence is John A. v. San Bernardino City Unified School District, decided in 1982 by the California Supreme Court.

In this beautiful case, the California Supreme Court evaluated an expulsion of "John A." for allegedly being involved in a large altercation not witnessed by anyone but students.  At John A's expulsion hearing, no direct witnesses (e.g. students who actually saw or were involved in the fight) testified, other than John A.  Rather, the district's case revolved around reading a summary from the school into the record and written witness statements.  When John A. spoke, he explained that he did not strike nor kick the boys involved.  Rather, he said the boys were "play boxing."  He denied any racial connection, that he yelled derogatory terms, or that he chased anyone.  He also disputed the injuries alleged to two of the participants.

The district expelled him for an "unprovoked attack on two students." On appeal to the county board of education and even the lower court, the expulsion was upheld.  Although the lower court later allowed the district to submit 30 declarations showing that there had been threats against students involved in school hearings, it appears that no evidence of any threat from John A. to the witnesses was provided.

The California Supreme Court, overturned the expulsion, ordering it expunged from John A's records.  In its decision, Justice Broussard explained:  "A decision of the governing board to expel must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence..."   and  "It [district]  may not rely on administrative reports when evidence is conflicting and witnesses are readily available."

The court also discussed the denial of the right to cross examination and the evidence supporting the lack of witnesses (alleged witness danger), stating:  "While the risk of retaliation may be substantial in some cases, it does not warrant board reliance on reports in all cases or in the instant case where there is no showing or finding of a significant and specific risk of harm..."

This case is significant in that it reinforces the fact that a student may not be expelled based on hearsay alone (see also Education Code §48918(f)) and that if the district wishes to rely on written testimony instead of calling live witnesses, they must show that "disclosure of identity and producing the witnesses would subject the informant to significant and specific risk of harm...."

This case is music to my ears. It not only backs up the education code, but gives an example of what districts cannot do.  They cannot expel a student based solely on written statements without direct testimony showing the alleged act(s) occurred.  Also, if they wish to exclude a witness and use his or her written statement instead, they must make a specific showing regarding harm.  The legislature defines this further in Education Code 48918(f) as "unreasonable risk of psychological or physical harm."

For now, parents embroiled in an expulsion hearing must be aware that if their child did not confess to the alleged "crime" he or she is accused of, the district must provide at least some direct testimony at the expulsion hearing.  If the district wants to substitute written statements for live testimony, they must make a specific showing of potential harm to the witness should they testify.  This is an area which is often lacking and can be a great argument for appeal.  Districts frequently fail to bring anyone who actually saw the alleged incident to the expulsion hearing, which could give the county board or courts a reason to overturn the expulsion altogether on appeal.

Best,

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.

Can IEP Teams Say "No" To Special Education Services Based on Money Woes? No, No and No!

By Michelle Ball, California Education Attorney for Students since 1995

Oftentimes parents attend an Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting, and although their child needs additional services to meet his or her goals, can be denied needed services based on reasons such as: "no funding," or "we just don't have the resources," or "that is not available here as there are no staff."  Are these legitimate reasons to deny a student services that will meet their unique needs?  No!

The whole special education system can be very overwhelming for parents and they often "trust" the IEP team to guide them on what their child should or should not receive as far as services, placement, and education.  Parents may also simply accept an IEP team denial of services based on money woes of the school district.  However, regardless of the funding problems school districts seem to be having right now, they cannot deny special education services based on those issues.  If a student requires a service (e.g. resource class, speech therapy, or a one-on-one aide) to receive an appropriate education to meet their unique needs, the district should provide the service.

If a district wants to deny services, they have to do so legitimately.  In other words, do a thorough assessment to evaluate, and prove the service is not needed.  If they do this, they may be able to "legitimately" defend themselves on a decision to reduce or deny services.  However, the bottom line is that many districts still will flat out say that "we can't afford speech and language therapy," and tell the parent to take a hike.  Sorry to say, but that is not legitimate.

If the district does not have staff to provide a service such as speech and language therapy, and the special needs student requires that service, the district has to provide the service another way.  For example, the district can pay a private therapist to deliver the speech and language therapy off site and can also pay for transportation to and from the therapy.  The district can't just say the child won't receive the service as they don't have the staff.  If the child needs the service to meet their unique needs, it needs to be provided one way or another.

This is one reason why recording IEP meetings is so crucial.  Often parents can document denials based on lack of money simply by recording the meeting.  When a school/district representative says "we don't offer speech and language due to the budget crisis," or words to that effect, the parents have a valid argument which they can later raise in a due process hearing to overcome the denial.

If a school or district is denying services based on money, parents need to stand up and say that is an unacceptable reason for the denial and demand the service be provided.

Best,

Michelle Ball
Education Law Attorney
LAW OFFICE OF MICHELLE BALL
717 K Street, Suite 228
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: 916-444-9064
Fax: 916-444-1209
Email: help@edlaw4students.com

Website: http://www.edlaw4students.com/

Blog: http://edlaw4students.blogspot.com/

Twitter: http://twitter.com/michelleaball

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/user/EdLaw4Students

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Law-Office-of-Michelle-Ball/191273330901857

[please like my office on Facebook, subscribe via twitter and email, and check out my videos on Youtube!]

Please see my disclaimer on the bottom of my blog page. This is legal information, not legal advice and no attorney-client relationship is formed by this posting, etc. etc.!  This blog may not be reproduced without permission from the author and proper attribution of authorship.